Winter Weather 21/22

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AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
National Weather Service Albany NY
422 AM EST Fri Jan 14 2022

.SYNOPSIS...
A cold Arctic airmass will begin to filter into the area
today, with temperatures falling in the afternoon and evening.
Dangerously cold conditions can be expected tonight into Saturday
morning.
Temperatures will moderate by Sunday, although it will
remain chilly. A winter storm is expected to bring accumulating snow
to the region Sunday night into Monday.


&&

.LONG TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY/...

Sources of guidance/ensembles still consistent on the general track
and timing of the storm Sunday night through Monday. This far out,
any small shift in the track of the closed upper low will shift the
associated zones of maximum low/midlevel forcing, but also determine
what areas where a warm nose aloft could potentially result in a
period of mix during the day Monday. Those are details that will
gradually become clearer as we get closer to storm impact.

Snow will spread across the region Sunday night with the most in
higher terrain of the eastern Catskills, Helderbergs, southern Green
Mountains, Taconics and Berkshires.
Very strong southeast to east
boundary layer winds will support strong warm advection and moisture
advection, especially in upslope areas in complex terrain.

There are consistent signals for downsloping in the Hudson Valley
off the Taconics and off the southern Green Mountains in southern
VT. However, we have to watch where the best upward motion and layer
of saturation aloft to see if significant precipitation generation
well above the downsloping layer could negate some of the potential
limiting of the precipitation in lee of the terrain.

Way too early to tell, so forecast will reflect reduced snow amounts
in downslope areas but still enough where some headlines will likely
eventually be needed. Headlines may be needed over most of not all
our region but the most snow still looks like in the higher terrain
of the eastern Catskills, parts of the southern Adirondacks,
Helderbergs, Taconics, southern Green Mountains and Berkshires.


In terms of where any warm nose could track. The best chances for
any mix would be the mid Hudson Valley, NW CT and perhaps the
southern Berkshires.
The very strong southeast to east boundary
layer winds push well into eastern NY but such a cold core closed
upper low could limit the north and west extent of the boundary
layer warm nose but again, those details are not completely clear
yet. Usually, the benchmark track of the upper system for all snow
in our region is the upper low tracking more toward Cape Cod, which
keeps any warm air well to the east but we will see.

Again, the consistent signal in this storm is tracking right over
eastern NY and and interior New England. Of course the ensemble
mean is a little more east, implying there are ensemble members that
suggest a colder and snowier scenario over the entire forecast area.
So, the bottom line is that a brief period of mix is indicated in
the mid Hudson Valley, NW CT and southern Berkshires but the area of
mix could change as details become clearer.

Areas from the Hudson Valley into western New England would see a
midlevel dry slot track over our region Monday if the current storm
track verifies.
Within the midlevel dry slot zone, snow will end and
there could be just patchy light drizzle or freezing drizzle until
any upper deformation snows rotate into our region Monday afternoon
and evening. Any upper deformation snows would likely be light and
limited coverage with the best chances for additional accumulations
in higher terrain of the southern Adirondacks and southern Green
Mountains. Still, some light additional accumulations possible
everywhere, just the most upper deformation accumulations in the
higher terrain.
 
Seems like the storm has gotten a bit colder or tracking more to the East. Places like Catamount no long have mixed precip in their point forecasts.
 
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The 6z nam
Drives warm air into southern vermont
This by no means a done deal
It’s a ugly system
 
The 6z nam
Drives warm air into southern vermont
This by no means a done deal
It’s a ugly system
Yup. The Upstates LE continues afterwards. Discussion starts @2 min.
“cement like snowfall” was mentioned.
Should help with building a base.
 
From Burlington...

As of 335 AM EST Friday...On Monday, a cut-off low will lift
northeast and reassimilate with the mid-latitude westerlies. A
period of snow is expected as a warm front lifts north before
dawn on Monday. For portions of our southern counties, a brief
interval of a mix or some freezing drizzle can`t be ruled out
late Monday morning into early afternoon, and then some
additional snow in the northwest flow is expected as the system
departs Monday evening. A period of hazardous travel is likely,
mainly Monday morning, but perhaps during the evening as well
once we see snow redevelop on the backside of the system. A
small window of strong, gusty winds is also possible for the
southern Greens Monday morning, but the chances appears smaller
this forecast cycle. QPF values are starting to become
clustered, and thus snow totals are as well. A widespread 3 to 6
inches is most likely, with locally higher amounts in eastern
slopes of the southern Greens and Adirondacks around 6 to 8
inches. Across the St. Lawrence Valley, some heavier snow
appears possible, which would yield higher snowfall amounts,
generally between 6 to 10 inches.
These are very early
estimates, and we are still just outside the range of mesoscale
models. So anticipate some refinements.

On the meteorological side, there`s not much change to note.
The pros to widespread precipitation include: strong cyclonic
vorticity advection, isentropic upglide upwards of 100mb off 70
knot winds at 290K, a coupled jet structure assisting in
supporting strong updrafts, and the upslope component on the
eastern slopes. Additionally, forecast FGEN/Deformation appears
like it could be a bit more concentrated over the St. Lawrence
Valley, with the potential for a pivoting mesoband based on
forecast sounding hodographs. On the cons side: brief intrusion
of mid-level dry air, terrain downsloping in strong east flow,
fragmented FGEN/Deformation outside the St. Lawrence Valley, the
potential for a brief period of sleet in southern Vermont, and
strong winds fragmenting dendrites (lower SLR values). Indeed,
the Cobb method indicates SLR values fluctuating between 8:1 and
12:1 over Rutland, but is forecast to be higher over the St.
Lawrence Valley, where values fluctuate more between 10:1 and
15:1. Even in model precipitation outputs, one can see the
impacts of terrain shadowing and the dry mid-level air with a
gap in QPF values that traverse right over Vermont due to the
low`s track near or just south of the forecast area. Overall the
forecast has become more tightly clustered, but we remain just
outside the cusp of mesoscale models. So some changes remain
possible in the exact placement of things like mesoscale
features and mid-level thermal conditions, but the overall
picture is coming in to focus. Probabilities greater than 4" are
generally between 60- 90% for our forecast area from the NBM,
and also based off CIPS analogs. We need this snow, with our
deficit for the season ranging from 10-15" below average
. So,
this event will mostly be beneficial for our area, but stay up
to date with the forecast for your travel interests. Activity
will taper towards the mountain and come to a close during the
day on Tuesday.

Thereafter, some reinforcing cool air will shift into the
region. At this time, it appears winds stay mostly zonal, which
will leave the brunt of the coldest air north of our area.
There`s a clipper system that rolls through on Wednesday, but
then it looks like we will have a stretch of some quieter
weather as broad 1035mb surface high pressure builds across much
of the eastern US.
 
Looks like a good forecast to me at this point. Use those GFS maps for determining where the most snow will fall but the amounts are always overblown.
Thanks for the helpful and simple explanation. I am a novice at the inversions and jargon (of course appreciate all the wisdom people drop here).
 
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