Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Burlington VT
844 AM EST Tue Dec 20 2022
.LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/...
As of 402 AM EST Tuesday...An impactful weather event with
several moving parts will unfold Thursday night through Friday
night. It is highly probable that the developing low pressure
system will approach climatological minimum pressure records. As
such, it has the potential to be more impactful than the usual
event of this nature with
likely damaging winds, mixed
precipitation at the onset (mainly east of the Greens) of
precipitation, the combination of rain and snowmelt producing
sharp river rises, and then a
flash freeze behind a potent cold
front. Due to the strength of cold air, there will also be lake
effect snow to contend with Saturday through Sunday. We`ll break
each hazard down individually.
Mixed Precipitation (Thursday night into Friday morning): A
warm
front lifts north Thursday night into Friday morning. At
this stage, the forecast depicts just rain or snow, but
thermal
profiles suggest there could be a mix in there. Models are
struggling between the saturation of dry air and how quickly
warming takes place Thursday night into Friday. Think the
overall transition will be fairly quick with snow at the onset
for most, with the St. Lawrence and Champlain Valley potentially
starting as a rain-snow mix which quickly becomes rain. By
Friday morning, any snow should become a wintry mix, especially
in sheltered sections of the Adirondacks, near Massena, and
parts of the Northeast Kingdom, and then almost just as quickly
become all rain as temperatures warm into the 40s to lower 50s.
As such, the impacts from any mixed p-types will probably be
minor. More tweaks will be made as we can get hour-by-hour
detail within short range models over the next few days.
Strong Winds (Friday): Along and just behind the warm
front
will be a potent low-level
jet. At 850
hPa,
southeasterly winds
approaching 70 to 80 knots will cover the region. The EC
ensemble depict high probabilities along
the spine of the Greens
with wind gusts greater than 50 knots, and basically covers the
entire region with probabilities of greater than 34 knots near
100 percent. There will be some strong gusts, but how prolific
this will be depends somewhat on precipitation. It seems rain
associated with the occluding cold
front arrives fairly quickly
behind the warm
front, which may limit the time frame for the
strongest gusts.
Furthermore, the inversion layer in regional
models begins below ridge tops, along with the competing
pressure falls along the occluded front that could reduce
gradients. So there are a few inhibiting factors to consider,
but
a sub 980 low near Lake Huron and a 1040mb high north of
Quebec City point to at least strong to damaging winds are
likely.
Flash Freeze (Friday night): It will be warm on Friday, with
temperatures into the mid 40s to lower 50s from strong warm
advection. Snowmelt and moderate to locally heavy rain is also
expected during the day. By late evening, an occluding cold
front will pass through, and behind it will be quickly falling
temperatures.
Heading towards Friday night, temperatures will
drop into the teens to lower 20s (roughly 30 degree drop) in a
matter of 3 to 6 hours. Any left over water on roads and bridges
will quickly become black ice. Especially with weekend holiday
travel, it will be very important to know the roads before
heading out Friday night and Saturday morning.
River Flooding (Friday night into Saturday): A favorable
pattern for heavy
rainfall will be present. A negatively tilted
trough and meridional upper
jet will provide ample synoptic
forcing for ascent while
PWAT values climb towards the 250-275
percent of
normal.
Orographic effects will likely be pronounced
during this event, which will limit some precipitation amounts
in the Champlain and St. Lawrence Valleys, but enhance
precipitation on the eastern facing slopes, which will likely
experience 1 to 2 inches of rain. Snowmelt from warm
temperatures will contribute to run off, and long range
ensembles have our common trouble spots (East Branch of the
Ausable, Mad River, and Otter Creek) reaching minor flood by
about 60 percent of members. Of course, this is using low
resolution
ensemble members, which will struggle a bit with
terrain features. As the Northeast
River Forecast Center notes,
the weather pattern is favorable, but some uncertainties remain.
Thus, will continue to monitor as we approach the event, but
sharp river rises are expected for this event.
Lake-effect Snow (Saturday through Sunday): Lake Ontario
remains warm, and the incoming
air mass will be quite cold. As
the upper low lifts north as opposed to heading east, persistent
southwesterly
flow means that this set-up will be slow to
change.
There`s some directional shear to the flow, which may
impact the placement and consistency of the band, but parts of
St. Lawrence County are in line for some lake effect activity.
The new week starts quieter. The upper low will
likely amble
northwards and slowly decay. Cold air on the south side of the
low will wrap into our region, but being a southwest wind, it
will not plunge our temperatures overly much setting up highs in
the mid 20s that gradually warms towards the midweek with
overnight lows in the teens.